Franchising in Kazakhstan

The most effective method to be a Welcome Guest Poster Posting on visitor destinations is an incredible method to build your profile, build up your own image †and unpretentiously plug an item or administration. Heres how to expand your odds of getting your posts acknowledged Composing visitor posts is an incredible method to advance your work and manufacture your own essayists image. Ive done a great deal of this as of late, to advance my book, Kitten on a Fatberg. Ive invested a considerable amount of energy sending off thoughts, perusing entries rules, and liaising with editors. Here are a portion of the things Ive learned en route Have something to sayâ Start Search for subjects that are article in nature yet lined up with your item. My book is a comic novel composed with two co-writers, for instance, so Ive tested out different plans to do with composing humor, crowdfunding a novel, teaming up on a book, etc. Research your marketsâ Its critical to ensure theres a solid match between what you need to state and where you may have the option to post it. A science fiction discussion may distribute bunches of visitor banners, for instance, yet in the event that youre a chick-lit creator youre most likely far-fetched to get one of them. You may have an incredible piece about a well known point, for example, efficiency or a temporarily uncooperative mind to offer, however on the off chance that the site has just secured this zone widely, youll most likely be unfortunate there as well. Transform subjects into ideasâ While introducing thoughts, attempt to tempt your editorial manager with a genuine eye catching title text and a standfirst †that appealing introduction para that magazines and papers use to draw individuals into perusing the full article. At that point, regardless of whether you are tending to a well known theme, you can show you have an exceptional edge on the subject, and you might be in karma. So as opposed to offering the dull and conventional sounding Top profitability tips, attempt 7 different ways to kill your internal slowpoke, followed Keep it individual Dont impact out a similar email to a major rundown of web journals and sites. Convey a couple at once, customizing every one, with a concise introduction about what your identity is (which you may likewise need to change each time). Concentrate on why your thoughts may bear some significance with perusers, get beneficiaries names right, and consistently Follow the rules The greatest bogeyman of composing online journals is, justifiably, entries from individuals who havent followed their rules. These are constantly provided unmistakably and in heaps of detail, so it will appear to be very rude to an editorial manager on the off chance that you overlook their solicitations about arranging, symbolism, topic, word tally, utilization of connections, and so forth. Some mainstream online journals will basically dismiss your thoughts or accommodation without a second thought if the rules havent been followed. Do as youre told! Editors will quite often need to make a couple of changes to your words. They may need some extra duplicate from you or request words to be cut. They will all the time change the introduction and opening area to cause it to sit better with their style and approach. Recollect editors know their business sectors and their titles back to front, and on the off chance that they need a few changes, it implies they need to distribute you very soon. Along these lines, this is no an ideal opportunity to be valuable about your composing †go with their article choices and turn any mentioned corrects round as quickly as possible. Last idea: Keep the promotion stuff to a minimumâ Theres a compensation in visitor posting †you give the supervisor some substance of significant worth, and theyll let you plug your book. In any case, dont exaggerate the limited time component †if your piece is packed loaded with references to your book, it will simply appear to be one major advert, and it wont be acknowledged. Composing something that is helpful or engaging for individuals is the best promotion for your work, all things considered.

buy custom My Consumption and Me essay

purchase custom My Consumption and Me exposition Presentation Consistently we expend or us things that have impacts either to us or to the condition that we live in. All that we care about is the utility that we get from the things that we expend however there are no a solitary time that we have asked ourselves how the things we devour are prepared? How they contact us? Regardless of whether they are reasonable or not? Do they have any monetary, ecological and social impacts to us and others? These inquiries depend on our ways of life and how it influences our environmental factors and others (Cororaton 46). Each individual should lead an examination in their utilization so as to decide if they ways of life are practical and ecological well disposed or not Research point The examination My utilization and me gives an unmistakable sign that the investigation is about my own utilization as well as my way of life by and large. From the investigation obviously my way of life, much the same as some of you, isn't feasible and changes are important so as to advance natural equalization (Woolman, 280). As the subject expresses, my reality sheet is about my utilization and how it influence nature. The examination includes a true investigation of my closet and even garments that I do not wear anymore. It includes the investigation of the sort of the garments that I wear, how they are fabricated, who produce them, how they are sent to my goal and the accessibility of the assets that make them. Then again, garments that I no longer wear are likewise assessed so as to decide their effects on nature after removal. The goal is to decide if they disintegrate or stay for long time to the earth. What are their effects on the earth? Is it true that they are well disposed or not? The way that I smoke cigarettes and take liquor on ends of the week additionally has a few effects in my way of life that I cannot overlook in my reality sheet. By and large, as the examination theme expresses, the reality sheet is about my own utilization with more consideration given to the garments that I wear and their effects on biological equalization. Strategy The exploration includes subjective research strategies whereby I need to dissect all the garments that I wear by through perception so as to decide my way of life. I have additionally remembered photos of my garments for request to make the reality sheet increasingly illustrative and straightforward. I have likewise led a writing survey concerning the kind of the garments that I wear so as to decide their supportability as far as creation, and removal after use. This incorporates getting to the data accessible in the makers site, style magazines and different articles and books about materials, way of life and condition. After the investigation, there is a basic examination on the discoveries so as to decide the effect of my way of life to myself and nature by and large (Woolman, 280). What I ordinarily purchase It ought to be noticed that I am a 22 years of age man and I regularly work in an office during week days. In this manner the greater part of my garments are legitimate ones which incorporate suits, slacks, ties, and decent shirts. On the ends of the week I typically wear easygoing garments particularly when at parties or in the nearby bar taking some brew. These incorporate fitting pants, shirts and sweaters if the climate is cold. Because of my way of life, particularly my drinking and smoking propensities, a large portion of my garments are not brilliant to keep away from stains and dull spots in the event that a sparkle from the cigarette unintentionally falls on my garments. On the ends of the week, I typically drink minimal except if in times when there is an event with my companions. Then again smoking resembles a dependence on me in light of the fact that on normal I smoke a bundle of 24 sticks each day. By and large the greater part of my dress is cotton and get them from Bank clothiers and HM stores in New York US. This implies I need to head to these stores whenever I have to change my closet. Anyway I don't do shopping as often as possible and I supplant my apparel once they are exhausted. Since the vast majority of the stores that I go out on the town to shop are arranged in New York and I don't live around, I need to drive there which implies that my way of life includes utilization of oil to run my vehicles motor as well. Therefore, there is smoke, however little that is produced which makes contamination the earth and disturbance to others. Anyway the effect is insignificant since a large portion of my garments are durable and I am not an incessant customer. In any case, I mus concede that the measure of garments that I purchase whenever visit the stores have expanded massively because of changes in my way of life such going to work which has expanded my requirement for more and pretty garments. This has likewise abbreviated the length that I take so as to supplant my garments. My shopping schedule For the most part my shopping routine spins from brilliant authority garments to easygoing garments that I wear on the ends of the week and different days that I am not busy working. My shopping list incorporates fine material pants and shirts that are for the most part made cotton or a blend of cotton and some polyester. I likewise purchase a lot of fine long sleeved shirts along with their coordinating ties. I additionally have not many suits that I wear on extraordinary events. I have purchase pants and shirts to substitute my official garments at whatever point I am not busy working or during gatherings and ends of the week. With regards to shopping, I ordinarily purchase what I fundamentally require yet, similar to some other youngster, here and there I wind up purchasing different things that are new in advertise as long as I they are satisfying to me and I have cash. By and large I regularly search for new garments twice in a year except if there are barely any substitutions making it at most multiple times in a year. I regularly look for my official garments from Bank clothiers stores since they are known for making phenomenal office clothing for men (Jos A. Bank Company). With regards to easygoing garments, I favor HM stores since their pants and shirts are enduring and reasonable (HM garments organization). The greater part of my attire keep going for one to a long time since I wear them oftentimes and whenever they are exhausted I ordinarily discard them along with trash or copy them. This is because of the way that there are no spots to give or reuse garments in where I live and keeping them isn' t just superfluous yet in addition makes my closet to look clogged and messy. Textures that establish my closet The vast majority of my garments are cotton expect barely any nylon shirts, polyester shirts and woolen sweaters. For example, practically the entirety of my official shirts are cotton made or a blend of cotton and polyester strings. All these garments I ordinarily purchase then from the makers outlets over the city which are Bank Clothiers and HM. These organizations ordinarily produce they garments from the crude materials and afterward convey the readymade garments to their stores available to be purchased. Assembling and impacts to nature By and large, cotton garments are produced using cotton which is collected from cotton plants that developed in numerous pieces of the reality where temperatures are respectably high. At the point when cotton is gathered, it is ordinarily taken to the ginneries where it is set up into strings that are utilized to make textures that at that point are sewed together into different clothings. The vast majority of the pants that I wear are 100% cotton in spite of the fact that there are barely any mixes of polyester. The engineered indigo color is utilized in coloring so as to accomplish the most loved shading. The waist bands, belt, back board, pockets, and tights of some Levis are totally made of indigo-colored denim. Different highlights incorporate the zipper, fastens, bolts, and mark. Bolts are made of copper, however the zippers, snaps and fastens are generally steel. Some have planners' marks that are made out of material, cowhide, or plastic, while others are weaved on with cotto n string. Then again, a large portion of my shirts, shirts and materials pants are made of cotton too except if not many which are made of polyester or potentially the blender. I additionally have pullover T-shirts which are produced using weave textures. Woolen sweater are produced using fleece that originate from creatures such merino sheep and other furry creatures (Woolman, 280). During the assembling procedure, the texture is typically treated with a few synthetic compounds so as to accomplish the necessary shading, strength and solace. Be that as it may, in each procedure of completing cotton texture, results which are generally biodegradable are discharged. For example, side-effects of Denim produce incorporates poisons, for example, starch and color which are destructive to the earth. In any case, these results are regularly treated through natural techniques other than dumping them into streams or lakes where they wind up dirtying the earth and taking life from these waters because of their high necessity of oxygen for decaying. The fabricates utilize organic procedure to break these side-effects into aggravates that are less or not unsafe to nature. Polyester originates from oil which is a non renewaable asset that mining and preparing cause massive contamination to the earth. Nations of birthplace that appear in my closet Despite the fact that a large portion of the garments that I wear are made here in the US, the crude materials originate from various pieces of the world. There is high likelihood that the greater part of the cotton that is utilized in assembling a large portion of my garments originates from it is possible that US, Australia or Egypt. This is because of the way that the measure of cotton delivered in the US and Europe isn't sufficient to meet all the neighborhood prerequisites. Despite the fact that Bank Clothier is arranged in America, there is high probability that the majority of the cotton that it uses to produce materials originates from different pieces of the world a large number of kilometers away. Then again, HM Company is a Sweden based fabric making organization that has a few processing plants all over Europe and Asia. Since HM isn't arranged in America, a great deal of cost is likewise acquired during importation of cotton for making garments and in delivery of garments to the compa

A Story About Muti

A Story About Muti Writing after going to Ethiopia has always been impossible. When I was seven years old I took my first trip to Ethiopia with my family. My teacher asked me to keep a journal as my assignment for missing school for an entire month, because we went in the winter during the dry season, so I missed a good deal before and after winter break. I wrote and doodled in my journal everyday, and when I came back to our second grade classroom, all my writing involved my cousins or the farm or playing outside in Kaffa. Yet, I never was able to tie it all together. But that was when I was seven, and at the time that I would one day be determined to write a book, dash out ten pages of nonsense fantasy fiction, and promptly forget about it the next day. When I was 12 years old I didn’t write while in Ethiopia, but I came home and still tried, in my own, hand-written journal. When I was 16 years old, I wrote daily “diary” entries on my phone during our short, two-week trip in the winter (you simply can’t miss one whole month of high school as easily as middle or elementary) and returned to scribble here and there on my tumblr blog. But again, it was only scenes, people, and placesnothing that encompassed the whole time period that I was there. When I was 18 years old, I went by myself and recorded our entire family tree. I went home and wanted to write the stories of our family history, which is still sitting in my Google Drive somewhere. It is impossible to abstract out all of my emotions, my experiences, and my day to day thoughts while in Ethiopia into a single, coherent piece, although that’s what I’m trying to do today. It’s not that a blog post is too shortrather, even if I were told to sit down and write a novel about my last trip to Ethiopia, it would still be an incoherent collection of ramblings and loose ends that don’t deserve the term “novel”, don’t deserve any term, really. I wrote three iterations of this draft that were much less coherent, and it has taken me three weeks to write this blog post. This time, I have a story. The story is not about me (well, not entirely), and it’s not about Ethiopia, and it is not about my family, or being called foreign in a place I consider home, or about the differences between Addis Ababa and the countryside, or about what “being Ethiopian” means. The other three iterations of this draft touched on all those things, but finally, I decided to cut them away, for the sake of telling this story, rather than any other one. This story is about Muti. Muti is a village in Kaffa, SNNPR, Ethiopia. I went there several times, during the trips of my childhood, and many of my relatives live there. Muti is a large place, with a middle school and secondary school. A market is held there on Sundays. The surrounding villages have none of these. It is also the last village before paved roads, and so its important to those who live in villages on the other side of it. They walk or ride horses, so they cannot travel much further very easily. Many come from as far away as 2-4 hours walking for the market. Still more people, children, come to Muti for school. Many will live with relatives or rent housing there during the week and return to their homes only on the weekends. Muti also has a water problem. All the water in Muti is delivered through spring protections. A spring protection is made where there’s a source of running water (such as a river or spring). You can clean up the site (often by digging drainage trenches and the like) and cover it in a concrete structure. The water produced is very clean, because the sediments of the earth itself can act as good filters, and the protected water source becomes self-cleaning. Afterward, you only need to maintain it by regular cleanings every month. The spring protections in Muti have stopped working, emptying or drying up every 5-10 years. Currently, all but one of the spring protections has stopped working. Many more than just the inhabitants of Muti depend on Muti’s waterand Muti itself has a population of over 2000. The only clean water source that remains is the one next to the secondary school, too far for many of the people in Muti to walk to for water. One day, far away from Muti in Boston, I called my father. I told him about my lifeschool was hard, sleep was not happening, UROP-ing at the Media Lab was awesome, etc.and my father told me about his. He always allotted part of our conversations to telling me about “back home”our family in Ethiopia, and how they were doing, who was doing what. My cousins passed the national matric examnot too different from the tests I talked about. Someone’s horse was eaten by a lion; that sentence would not make any sense if I said it to someone at MIT. He also told me the story of Muti, a village that lost its water supplydoesn’t that also sound like nonsense? Just as it’s nonsensical to think of someone at MIT losing their horse to a lion, is it not also nonsensical to think of someone at MIT not having water? I remember putting down the phone and thinking about how striking this difference was, the differences between the problems I told my father about and the problems he described to me. Another day, also in Boston, I was psetting at a library. My friend Alberto H. ‘17 turned to me and said, “Hey, let’s go to Ethiopia over IAP!!” He was taking an Amharic class at Harvard, and had become interested in Ethiopian culture. I thought he was jokingand, well, he was, in that I said “ok sounds good” and we both went back to working. But then, Alberto heard about a grant, and so he set up a couple meetings, inviting me to them. We heard about other grants and went to more meetings; we wrote proposals, found faculty advisors, talked to anyone who would listen. I told Alberto the story of Muti, and together, we told the story to everyone else we talked to. We talked to Malte A. ‘17, a junior at MIT and an intern at the World Bank. He was flying to Mongolia for a STEM education project the week after our brief meeting with him. He gave us our initial energy and excitement, urging us to pursue anything we could and telling us, in detail, many of the methods that worked or did not work in his own past international development projects. Most of all, he told us never to get discouraged or give up. Talking to Malte was particularly crucial in ensuring we took our project seriouslyhe was an example that, even as an undergrad, you could pursue international projects on your own initiative and time. You could even be successful. We talked to Dr. Ken Strzepek at an MIT-Africa Interest Group (MAIG) meeting, which we attended in order to find people who could help us conduct our project. It was midterms and we did not look ready for an evening of networking with research scientists and graduate students. Alberto was wearing sweatpants, and I had a hat over my incredibly messy hair. Even as we mumbled “excuse our appearances, midterms [something something]”, Dr. Strzepek surprised us by saying, “Wow! Undergrads!”. Out of the 30-40 people at the MAIG meeting, only three undergraduates attended. Dr. Strzepek gave us his card, calling out as he left, Were partners now! Let me know if you need to know people in Addis Ababa!, the edge of his blazer whipping around the doorway. That day, wearing a beanie, next to my sweatpants-clad teammate, amidst graduate students and research scientists all sporting business casual or better, was the day I learned that something is always better than nothing, and became muc h less of a perfectionist. We also talked to Professor Hazel Sive at the MAIG meeting, one of my favorite professors on MIT’s campus. She taught me 7.013 (General Biology), a class with at least 300 people in it, where I would not have expected to grow to personally admire a professor. Though teaching 300 students, she still managed to show that she genuinely cared about all of us. Professor Sive told us to talk to Shalom A. ‘16, another Ethiopian undergraduate student she had worked with who had conducted projects in or involving Ethiopia before. I talked to Shalom, who then told me about a company called xHub, a startup incubator in Addis Ababa that helped him with one of his projects: teaching a sort of compressed IAP version of 6.006 to tech professionals and university students in Addis Ababa. He said he would be in Ethiopia during IAP as well in case we needed any help on-site. Somewhere in the midst of all this, Alberto and I actually won one of the many grants we applied to, the Tau Beta Pi Engineering Service Fellowship. We were awarded $3,000 to travel to Ethiopia and conduct research there, with the aim of solving Muti’s water problem. We were actually going to go. Now, I tell this story very linearly, but what actually happened was much different than that. Winning the grant meant that what had started out as a phone call, a thought, and a random conversation in a library was going to become real. Our contacts we met through many meetings and emails, where the people we met with and emailed would then refer us to other people to meet with and email. We received one grant out of the many that we applied to or looked for. What seems linear came from something more like a spiderweba lead here, a lead there, until finally, we had at least one, straight, path. I arrived in Ethiopia January 1st, 2016 (yes, I spent New Year’s Eve on a plane). After settling in, I called Shalom and set up a meeting at the xHub offices in Bole, Addis Ababa’s most rapidly developing district. Through xHub, I met Leul Dereje, the co-president of a nonprofit called Drop of Water. Drop of Water was formed at Ethiopia’s Mekele University. It started when Matt Damon came to Ethiopia working on his own water initiatives and some students went to take a picture with him. After listening to his talk, they decided that they, too, as Ethiopian citizens, should be involved in developing water projects. So they fundraised by selling small things at their schoolT-Shirts, pensand raised enough money to build a well. Then they built another one, and another one, and another. Pretty soon it was the largest volunteer club at Mekele. The president, Hermella Wondimu, left her career to become the president of what Drop of Water is now, a fully recognized NGO. I admire Drop of Water and the group behind it so much because it involves Ethiopians helping other Ethiopians, young people volunteering for their communities the same way young people in the US volunteer for theirs. It removes the often problematic situation of exclusively foreign nonprofits having control over projects they may not as thoroughly comprehend. Drop of Water (and xHub), to me, serve as proof that Ethiopia has talented, bright young people, great thinkiers and ambitious innovators amidst its population. As the nation develops, these talented people and groups are revealed again and again, refuting shallow ideas about Africa and African people as a whole. Ethiopians have always had a lot of prideit is the only African country that was never colonizedand now, that pride and energy seems only to be blossoming more. The conversation I had with Leul was an exciting, transformative momentso much so that Ill need a separate blog post to describe it. Drop of Water told us that in order to help us implement a well, they needed a contact at a local university. They wanted to have a sort of base, similar to Mekele University, where they could recruit student volunteers and also give them some work experience, helping the community two-fold. For example, they recruited a Mekele student to do a geographical survey for one of their wells, and the student gained some practical experience to help with their resume (we also have volunteer work like this in the United States). So, we looked for universities near Muti that could cooperate with Drop of Water. We were then put in touch with the president of Mizan-Tepi University, where some of my own cousins had attended college. We’re still working, now, on finalizing their relationship with Drop of Water and ourselves in order to implement the wells. In our search for more technical information, we met with a connection of Dr. Strzepek’s, Yohannes Gebretseadik. Yohannes did his postdoctoral fellowship at MIT, and now works for the UN Nile Basin Project in Entebbe, Uganda. Yohannes gave us a lot of valuable advice on what sort of water data to look for, how to design our solution, and what might work best. After consulting with him, we tentatively decided to perform a hand-dug well project in Muti, a design we’re still working on. Muti is far from the capital city. It takes a 9-hour bus ride to get to a town, Wush Wush, where we stayed with my aunt. Then, we hiked/rode horses for four hours to get to my father’s village in the countryside, and Muti was two hours walking from there. When we arrived in Muti, we talked to Abba Kiflea local priest. “Abba” means “Father” in AmharicFather Kifle. Abba Kifle gave us much more insight into what the community of Muti really needed, what people were struggling with, and what they wanted out of a water source. He showed us all the spring protection sites, the ones that had stopped working and failed and a couple that seemed to only work sporadically, on their way out. He also showed us potential spots for other spring protections or water projects. Abba Kifle was excited about our project, and impressed upon us how dire the current situation was. “The people are really suffering,” he said. It was clear to me he was someone who’s always eager to help anyone who needs him, especially in his community. When we left, he drove us from Muti to the next town, Chiri. Along the way, he collected hitchhikers, who would climb into the back of the pickup truck as he continued pressing on the bumpy road. He jokingly complained”I am Muti’s taxi, eh?”but did not refuse anyone. All this way that Alberto and I had been traveling to get to Muti, I asked people, especially in Kaffa, about the water situation. Little kids, especially. I asked my six year old cousin Ermias, “Muti aacho beeti?” Is there water in Muti? He simply responded, “Aalle.” No, there is not. My older cousins wanted to know why I had come back so soonI’d told them before many times that I could not come back before I graduated college. I had to explain simply, since my Amharic and Kafa No’No aren’t too great. I always explained by asking, is there water in Muti? And when they responded, no, I told them, I came here to fix Muti’s water problem. There was no way for me to provide caveats or qualificationsI just wasn’t good enough at the language, and it would take too long. I simply had to tell them, I came here to fix Muti’s water. So, it became a promise. After returning to the capital in Addis Ababa, we met with the Secretary General of Ethiopia, Negus Lemma, who we were introduced to through Alberto’s Amharic professor. He agreed to help us with any administrative tasks we might have to go throughsuch as acquiring construction licensesand agreed that our relationship could form a basis of support for any future MIT initiatives we might want to pursue (which, after this exciting trip, I was definitely planning on pursuing). We met with Drop of Water again and set everything up for implementation as soon as we were able to acquire more funding from MIT. That is where we are now. Muti still has no well, unfortunately, but we owe them one, and we hope it’s coming soon. The story isn’t finished yetand truthfully, real stories never do. I could have started this story about water in Muti much farther back then when I began, back to the spring protection implemented at the school by an organization from Colorado, or back to when one of our family friends visited and saw the school children drinking water that had worms, or back to when Abba Kifle was first placed in Muti and witnessed earlier projects. I could end this story right now, too, waiting for a solutionbut I choose to say this one hasn’t ended yet. The week that I returned to MIT, I had a phone call with the president of Mizan-Tepi University, and clarified some points of our project and Drop of Water. After that, I had a phone call with Dr. Strzepek, who helped me find some precipitation data in Kaffa. I exchanged many emails with Tau Beta Pi, the provider of our grant, figuring out logistics. I thought after this IAP I would be “done” with this project, hand it off to someone elsebut actually, I’m very much still in the thick of it, and glad to be there. I still can’t believe it started with a phone call, a thought, and a random conversation in the library. My friend and current president of Chinese Students Club, Jessica W. 16, once asked me the question, what motivates you?”. She was referring to the current trend that some engineers (especially in software) were worried increased specialization of tasks and the tech bubble were fueling only first-world solutions to first-world problems. She told me she once watched a talk by a Facebook engineer who worked on the Internet.org project, and urged budding software developers to think about the meaning in their work, who their contributions would impact and how. My response to Jessica’s question was something along the lines of my family in Ethiopia and aiming to fix the problems they facethat’s what motivates me. Yet, I also said that at the moment I was just pursuing whatever was interesting. I thought of helping my region of Ethiopia as a goal for after I graduate, or after I had been working for some time. A lot of people preface the goals they have to better their communities or the world by the phrases “once I’ve got money” or “once I have time”. I can assure you that I had neither of these. I discovered that in truth, you do not have to wait. You can impact someone, somewhere, nowas long as you are passionate about it. Post Tagged #Muti Water Project

Reforms on voluntary manslaughter law as a result of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1614 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Did you like this example? In this essay I will be discussing and also identifying the extent to which the coroners and justice act 2009 [1]reformed the law of voluntary manslaughter and the extent to which it succeeded in its aims. Voluntary manslaughter is less serious than murder, voluntary manslaughter is when the defendant has killed the victim with malice aforethought, malice aforethought defined by Coke [1612] is when one compassth to kill, wound or beat another and doth it fedato animo. The defendant has committed murder but they have a partial defence, this reduces the sentence from murder to voluntary manslaughter this means that the defendant will not be sentenced to life imprisonment which is the mandatory sentence for murder. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reforms on voluntary manslaughter law as a result of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009" essay for you Create order There are three defences that can be used by the defendant in court. The defence of Diminished responsibility and suicide pact is laid out In the Homicide Act 1954 and the defence loss of control is laid out in the Coroner and justice Act 2009, dimished responsibility and suicide pact are both modified by the Coroners and justice Act 2009. These defences are special defences they can only be applied to the law of murder. Diminished responsibility is one of the defences that can be used in the case of a murder, it is set out in section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957[2] and amended by section 52 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.In order for the defence of diminished responsibility to be used by the defendant who has killed or is a party of killing of another , the defendant has to be suffering from an abnormality of mental functioning which-(A) arose from a recognised medical condition, (B) substantially impaired the defendants ability to understand the nature of their conduct, to f orm a rational judgment and to exercise self-control and (C) provides an explanation for the defendants acts and omission in doing or being a party to the killing. The case of R v Bryne [1960] is related to the abnormality of the mind, rather than the abnormality of metal functioning. An abnormality of the state of mind is that a reasonable man would consider abnormal. Prior to the amendment of the Homicide Act 1957 by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, the Homicide Act referred to the abnormality of the mind, it was amended to clarify the law and not to make any changes to the application of the defence, which is why case law that were under the Homicide Act are still influential when deciding what may count as an abnormality of the mental functioning. Loss of control as a partial defence has the ability to reduce the liability of murder to manslaughter, loss of control as a defence was first introduced by section 54 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, prior to this amendment, it was known as the defence of provocation under section 3 Homicide Act 1957.The requirements to use provocation as a partial defence were: there must be evidence of provocation, the defendant must have been provoked to lose their self control and the provocation must be such as to make a reasonable man do as the defendant did. Loss of control as a defence was introduced because of the concern in regards to the defence of provocation. The requirement for the partial defence of loss of control is laid out in s.54(1) Coroners and Justice Act 2009, the requirements are; (A) The defendants acts or omissions must result from defendants loss of control. (B) The loss of control has a qualifying trigger; and (C) A person of the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sex and age with a normal degree of tolerance and self restraint in the circumstances of defendant, might have acted in the same way. The defence of loss of control is further defined in section 55,there must be: a loss of self contro l that is not necessarily sudden, and the defendant loss of control must have been attributed to one or both of two specified triggers which are- 1) the defendant fears of serious violence from victim against defendant or another identified person or things done or said which constitute circumstances of an extremely grave character and cause defendant to have a justifiable sense of being seriously wronged. The Coroners and justice act 2009 has reformed the law of voluntary manslaughter by reforming certain parts of the Homicide Act 1957. The aims of the creation of the CJA 2009 was to narrow the use defence of loss of control and to also get rid of the negative connotations that came the phrase à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" Provocationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, it was also decided that the defence of provocation as one that excused killing but one that could justify the killing. The Coroners and justice act 2009 has replaced the partial defence of provocation with loss of control, the provocation def ence was replaced because it was subject to plenty of consideration by the appeal courts, the appeal courts were not always consistent in the interpretation and application of the defence of provocation. The defence of provocation was also considered to be gender bias because it favoured male defendants that killed as a result of losing their temper, but did not provide a tailored response to female defendants that killed out of fear of serious violence i.e. domestic violence. Women were at a disadvantage if they did not act in a state that of which could be legally described as a sudden or temporary loss of control, also the battered woman syndrome was only taken into account if it was relevant to the provocation. This lead to the reform of the CJA 2009, It was designed to be a narrower defence than the defence of provocation. Sexual infidelity is no longer allowed as a qualifying trigger. If the defendant is relying on things said or done then they must be extremely grave in natur e and have caused a justifiable sense of being seriously wronged, which was not required under provocation. But also it considered to be wider because the fear of sudden violence being considered in cases which is set out in the Coroner and Justice Act 2009, whereas in the Homicide Act 1954 it was not considered and there also doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have to be a sudden loss of control. In the case of R v Ahluwalia [1993][3] the defendant set fire to her husband whilst he was asleep, he died a few days later form his injuries, the couple had an arranged marriage, and her husband had been having an affair and was violent and abusive throughout their marriage, on the night the defendant killed the victim, the victim had threatened her with more violence, the defendant admitted to killing the victim but used the defence of provocation, but the defendant was then convicted for murder, she appealed on the grounds that the judges direction to the jury relating to provocation was wrong an d she also raised the defence of diminished responsibility. It was held that the judges direction on provocation was correct and appeal on the grounds of provocation was therefore unsuccessful, but her appeal was allowed on the grounds of diminished responsibility. This case highlights how women were at a disadvantage with the Homicide Act 2009 women who were charged with murder had to rely on the defence of diminished responsibility which required evidence from an expert .i.e. A doctor and this stigmatized these women as being mentally abnormal. The loss of control as a defence also improves the control the judges have over whether there is sufficient evidence or not to raise the defence, this means that there will be a more consistent use of the defence where it is needed. For example in the case of R v Doughty[ 1986][4], the defendant killed his son whom was only 17 days old, the baby had been constantly crying and the defendant had tried his best to stop the baby crying, but fai led to do so, so the defendant covered the baby mouth to drown out the sound of the crying but pressed down harder than he meant to also at the time he was kneeling on the babyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s head, the defendant had been under stress since the birth of his son, he had to look after his wife whom was told to take things easy because she had a caesarean birth, look after the baby and also daily chores that had to be done around the house. The defendant argued that he was provoked by the babyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s constant crying. It was held that the babyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s crying could amount to a provocative act within s.3 of the Homicide Act 1957, the defendant conviction for murder was changed to manslaughter and his life sentence was reduced to 5 years. In conclusion the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 has succeeded in it aims to reform the law of voluntary manslaughter, its aims were to was to narrow the use defence of loss of control and to also get rid of the negative connot ations that came the phrase à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Provocationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and to also to use the defence to justify killings not to excuse it, this can be seen in the case of Doughty, where he used the defence of provocation to excuse his killing not to justify it. The CJA 2009 is also fairer to women, where women with battered women syndrome can justify their killings using the defence of loss of control, in the case of Ahluwalia where she couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t use the defence of provocation but instead had to use the defence of diminished responsibility. Bibliography Cases R v Ahluwalia (1993) 96 Cr App R 133 R v Doughty (1986) 83 Cr App R 319 Sources D Ormerod, Smith and hoganà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Criminal law (OUP,2011) p 507. The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 The Homicide Act 1957 [1] coroners and justice act 2009 [2] section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957 [3] R v Ahluwalia (1993) 96 Cr App R 133 [4] R v Doughty (1986) 83 Cr App R 319

Success Is The New Psychology Of Success - 879 Words

Gain More Success in Business When people talked about the leaders of some famous companies, they firmly believed that these leaders leadership talent is born. In the book â€Å"Mindset: The New Psychology of Success†, Carol S. Dweck discussed the fix mindset and growth mindset how to affect themes such as sports, business, relationships, and parents. Leaders with fixed mindset feel that they are superman or a genius, consider that employee who has more ability be more useful than the person who work hard and want to grow. Also, they also believe their company will not be defeated and replace. On the other side, leaders with a growth mindset preferred many people can become an excellent leader by hard-working and learn how to select people: for their mindset, not their pedigrees. Although both mindsets can make a leader successful, the growth mindset person gained more success in business, since they have true self-confidence and think they are not excellent but try their best to learn, credit and nurture. They also know how to use feedback to strengthen their leadership and arrange the company s employees appropriately. In the teamwork, they will work to solve the problem with staff quickly. They notice their improvement in their employees on the management side and also believe themselves can be educated in negotiation abilities. The first way a growth mindset can support leader is by encouraging to continue studying and learning from the feedback. Why is this an advantage ofShow MoreRelatedThe New Psychology Of Success By Carol Dweck825 Words   |  4 PagesAfter just reading the first few chapters of Mindset: The New Psychology of Success by Carol Dweck, I knew that I wanted to minimally share the concepts of growth and fixed mindsets with my students. 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Reevaluating Union Trade Responses Free Essays

string(71) " definitions of the basis upon which those relationships will operate\." Since the 1980†³s academia and professionals alike have been picking at the bones of discussion regarding the ‘decline† of Trade Unions, their strategies of ‘survival† and issuing prescriptions as to the most suitable form Trade Unionism can take in order to modernise, compromise and indeed to qualify for a role within the ‘new† workplace. Within this plethora of discussion much is made of placing relevant unions into suitable and identifiable criteria, whether it be the AEEU and it†s ‘Enterprise† unionism or UNISON†s ‘Managerial† unionism. Although these criteria may be suitable within a fixed period or in order to understand a particular situation, the argument remains that they are static and do not necessarily reflect the many forms that unionism can take. We will write a custom essay sample on Reevaluating Union Trade Responses or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indeed much of the criteria presented is regarding the union as an organisation, as a business even, and in this way does not account the most important factor, that of a Union†s members and the branches within which they interact. Membership and the Collective voice is the foundation of Trade Unionism, it will therefore be argued that faced with a ‘New† Industrial Relations Trade Unions, in this country, have illustrated an uncoordinated approach and have merely tested solutions, moving gradually back to the membership in order to consolidate their position. Naturally there will be those unions who will stay with a tried and tested formula , however with the impending ‘Fairness at Work† legislation unions will be given space to engage their membership rather than attempting to engage managers in attempts at recognition. The reevaluation of union strategies will involve a critical analysis of both set criteria, prescriptions of moderation and a reconsideration of militancy . The argument will thus draw parts of certain ‘criteria† and aim towards methods whereby engagement and resistance may coexist effectively enabling effective ‘partnership† with effective ‘representation† through the education and strong organisation of union members. The term ‘New Industrial Relations† encompasses the change in the workplace, managerial trends, Trade Union strategies and the backdrop against which the play commences and adapts. This backdrop consists of historical, economic and social factors which have influenced industrial relations as it now exists. Much is documented about the gradual transformation of roles that occurred during the 1980†³s and certainly in the 1990†³s; The legislative onslaught upon the Trade Unions, by the Conservative Government, effecting both their financial and organisational strength. The backing and encouragement of the growth of big business, by the Conservative Government, in order to counteract the rise of unemployment and to replace the decline in such traditional areas such as manufacturing. The rise in unemployment effected a fragmentation on the workforce and ended the notion of ‘a job for life†, replacing the full time, dominantly male, workforce was the part time, temporary and the rise of the female workforce, itself transforming society and family roles. As can be seen through this chain of events the traditional base of trade unionism had disintegrated, hailing criticism that trade unionism is no longer relevant to this new workplace, criticisms that were supplemented by a falling membership and a weakened bargaining base. In extension and, to some extent, response to this business and managerial trends were being heavily influenced by both the presence of and the success of international companies who were utilising new management techniques. The two main trends that will be briefly discussed, in regards to their effect on Trade Union renewal, are that of Japanisation and Human Resource Management primarily through the work culture they wish to produce rather than their distinct workplace structures. It is to be noted, in regards to these two trends (which themselves have overlapping features), that two academic criteria have arisen in direct response and with distinct and reflective attributes, these two response criteria are Enterprise Unionism and Managerial Unionism . Enterprise Unionism can be best described in conjunction with the Japanisation of British Industry. Japanisation occurred not only through the presence of Japanese companies in Britain (Hitachi, Nissan etc.) but also through British business† observations of the success if Japanese Business, therefore the matter is twofold with Japanese businesses applying their business culture to their British subsidiaries and British business ‘borrowing† the better parts of Japanisation for themselves. The main aims of Japanese practices is best described by White and Trevor (1983) in that they aim to create: † a stable workforce with a high level of commitment to the company: extremely cooperative in accepting change, extremely unwilling to enter into strikes or any other forms of conflict, and generally putting the company†s interests level with or even ahead of it†s own. The outcome is a high and rising level of productivity, and an altogether easier climate in which management can plan for changes in products and processes† Dedication to the company and its ideals goes one step further when applied to the workplace and the presence of a trade union. The most obvious outcome is that the very existence of a trade union, and in deed it†s historical connotations, points towards an adversarial situation and a separation of ideals and goals. In order to counteract this fragmented relationship ‘Japanisation† also endorses the case for the single union deal. The very notion of the single union deal explains the terminology applied to those unions who seek them, for in order to get the deal one must put forward the best business case. The context and result of this situation is typified by the case of the EETPU and Hitachi, this union deal (being the first of many) can be said to have heightened the debate regarding the direction of Trade Unions and also bringing into question: â€Å"..many of the core concerns of trade unions, including the sanctity of traditional territorial boundaries between one union†s membership constituency and anothers, the extent to which unions should pursue their objectives via a consensual or a conflictual relationship with management, and to the degree to which, in contemporary work settings, unions can influence the ground rules of the union-management relationship, or are subject to managerial definitions of the basis upon which those relationships will operate. You read "Reevaluating Union Trade Responses" in category "Essay examples"† This active approach to single union deals gives rise to the aforementioned case case-putting, more candidly described as the ‘ ‘beauty contest'† These contests, as illustrated by the EETPU deal, can result in no strike deals , pendulum arbitration and the creation of Employee Board. Employee Boards may or may not include union reps and indeed their very existence has led to some critics to argue that such agreements ‘bind unions through institutional subordination to company councils† (Ogasawara and Stewart, 1992) . This obvious circumvention of traditional representative channels and the active promotion of employer friendly unionism could entail the union become a mere rubber stamp or an empty shell, and is itself an argument for internal organisation to build internal strength before these deals are even considered. A further criticism of this approach can be drawn from two AEU deals with Nissan and Toyota whereby recognition, via a single union agreement, was given before recruitment took place, taking potential memberships choice out of the equation and leaving no real alternative in regards to union response. Justifiably the EETPU and the AEU are the epitome of Enterprise Unionism, their subsequent merger and their steady gain of membership perhaps promote their tactics. These tactics, however, give rise to the questions as to whether numbers are more important than effective representation, admittedly the larger the union, the louder its voice, however when this voice is muted by employer dictated deals the situation does require a reconsideration of a union†s aims and objectives. If business Unionism is placed at the far right of the union response spectrum, then the Managerial Union can be placed in the middle due to it†s response to the individualisation of the contract and work experience by Human Resource Management (HRM) HRM can be seen as focusing upon the individual at work, with an emphasis on flexibility, training and pay and rewards, emphasising a rhetoric of joint aims between the Employer and Employee. It is the main strand of this rhetoric, individualisation, that can be seen as the most active in the modern workforce. In response to this individualisation and the decline of collective bargaining that the rise of the managerial servicing relationship can be seen: â€Å"We†¦need to see our members as our customers. As sophisticated users of services, people will make choices depending on what impresses them about a particular company or product and what is in it for them. They have become used to high standards and have expectations based on those standards. It is in this framework of customer choice, that unions increasingly have to stake their claim to recruitment. We need to reassess what people really want from a union and what will make them join.† This trend towards consumerism is often coupled with a reorganisation of union structure to encompass a servicing relationship in regards to the new workforce. This structural change can be seen in both the GMB, MSF†s and UNISON†s structures that promote representative channels for women, young people, ethnic minorities and disabled workers . These channels are themselves serviced by Full Time Officers. A structural description of a servicing relationship is given by Bob Carter and Gavin Poynter (fig.1). Within this structure it is clearer to see how this form of unionism could facilitate a partnership at work, it†s reliance on full time officers allows for a direct filtering down of National Policy and can circumvent the actions of any ‘unattractive† activism, which is further weakened by a reliance on the union for advice. This is an integral approach on behalf of unions, such as UNISON, who ‘increasingly came to advance the concept of a well- disciplined, politically sensitive and well-coordinated approach to†¦trade unionism† (Terry, 1996) . Terry goes further stating that COHSE and NUPE ‘were concerned that the new union would become an ‘activist union†, with the risks that activists might become detached from the members.† This reliance on servicing to circumvent activism has caused the worry of inactivity at branch level and the rise of ‘passive consumerism†, recruitment is not being paired with strong organisation at branch level. This idea of creating an active branch is illustrated by the TGWU past and present campaigns , which further illustrate the problems of a servicing relationship and the possibilities of a future of self-organising unionism, an approach that UNISON itself has recently approached on with it†s ‘Beactive† Campaign. This response can also be seen as an indication that mere moderancy and partnership do not necessarily reap much reward in regards to members. With an emphasis on Organising and therefore transforming the relationship from â€Å"what can the union do for me?† towards a more proactive ‘What can we do for our union?† , unions can only nurture such a relationship through the realisation that the antagonistic relationship between worker and employee is a continual matter that needs to be addressed in collective strength: â€Å"The policy question for unions would thus appear to be how to adapt collective organization to meet new circumstances rather than how to replace it with passive consumerism† (Kelly and Waddington 1995)    Kelly illustrates this argument with evidence regarding the falling success rate of unions in regards to recognition cases, the marginalising of Stewards and most interestingly the view of the strike being beneficial in terms other than those directly involved. Kelly argues that strikes retain and in some cases recruit members through the illustration of a Union†s strength and commitment to the Collective with the prospect of a heightening of the ideology of conflictual interests among this Collective. The most important part of Kelly†s argument is it†s acceptance and recognition of external constraints, namely the managerial and economic trends outlined previously ,in recognition of these constraints it would be necessary to add to Kelly†s theory the need for effective training and education of lay officials in the responses to these techniques in order to achieve the pragmatism that Kelly prescribes. Resistance to any new Employer technique can be seen as a natural response to anything ‘new† however Trade Unions need to ensure that lay officials are able to recognise benefits and pitfalls and approach likewise. A National Policy of Servicing and Partnership do not translate well at workplace level causing alienation of activists and poor responses as can be seen by the TGWU experience at Volvo in the 1990†³s, the insight to which is provided by one of Volvo†s Swedish Managers: â€Å"When I moved here in December 1990 the problem we had was not so much the people as the way the way they were used to working, especially on the union side†¦.the problem we had with the union was that they did not have enough information or knowledge needed to bring out their point of view. It is important that when dealing with a system you have to have a strong union with strong people who work well and believe in what they do†¦..it takes a long time and that is what has happened here†¦That is a result of history, because they have not trusted the manager and they are not used to doing things themselves and taking responsibility for change† (Swedish Production Director, Workington) The cycle of this achievement can be formualised as: issueg organisationg educationg unityg action . Moderate Unionism ignores the potential of issues to unite it†s membership, the servicing model may recognise the issues but does not give the issue to the member to understand and merely prescribes a National Policy, Enterprise Unionism has no real strength behind any action to place upon an issue. It is these weaknesses which beg the return to the Traditions of Militancy with a ‘new† informed attitude. There is no indication that Trade Unions are about to go the ‘way of the dinosaurs† however they could well seal the fate bestowed upon them by Basset and Cave ( that of a mere provider of services). This fate can only be provided by recognising that traditional antagonisms still exist and recruit and organise around this while still engaging the realisation that parts of the New Industrial Relations are beneficial to workers. Moderation in Unions is not effective as a National Policy, indeed not even realistic, whereas the empowerment of members through democratic structures within the Union will build a strong organisation which can recognise and compromise with managerial trends on its own terms could well hold them in good stead. It is within this context that renewal, rather than replacement, can be viewed. The future context of these arguments will make interesting viewing namely the impending ‘Fairness at Work† legislation and the Trade Union recruitment of Young Workers, in order to contract the demographic change occurring within it†s membership, whether Trade Unions will achieve a cultural change which will nurture a new generation of activists could well determine the future of the role of Trade Unions and depends very much on the Unions ability to Acheve rather than receive members. How to cite Reevaluating Union Trade Responses, Essay examples Reevaluating Union Trade Responses Free Essays The following report shall analyse the importance of the implementation of the marketing philosophy and shall highlight the importance off this idea to be shared by all functions within the company including top management, finance, production right down to the customer service representatives. The report will also attempt to measure the degree and success of such an implementation with respect to the Ford Motor Co. Henry Ford started his working life as an engineer for the Edison Lighting Company Detroit, in 1884. We will write a custom essay sample on Reevaluating Union Trade Responses or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ford by chance, came across a science journal written by Nicholas Otto, a German engineer who was developing the internal combustion engine. Ford became very interested, some say infatuated, and he decided to build his own. In the Following years Ford have become the worlds second largest car manufacturer in the world. Until recent years the Ford Motor Co have famously used the production concept. An example of this is when â€Å"Henry Fords whole business philosophy was to protect the production of the Model T so that its costs could be reduced and in turn more people could afford it. He once joked you can have it in any colour as long as it was black.†(Kotler, 1996) Since falling behind the Japanese manufacturers in customer focus and service terms, Ford have quickly changed their focus and concept and are attempting to implement an all pervading marketing philosophy in order to â€Å"win back the confidence of consumers†. â€Å"Marketing must now pervade a business† entire operation to win the confidence of consumers†. (Jane Simms, Marketing Nov 23, 2000) â€Å"The marketing concept provides a single prescription for running a business successfully. The consumer must be recognised and accepted as the focal point for all business activities and knowledge of consumer needs and wants should be a starting point for all major business decisions†. (Raymond and Barkinsale, corporate strategic planning and corporate marketing, Business Horizons, Vol 32, no3, 1989). These definitions clearly indicate the pivotal role that a marketing philosophy and consumer focus play in the success of an organisation, if properly shared by all functions. â€Å"The marketing philosophy can be expressed as the means of operating within an organizational philosophy, the philosophy will be regarded as the medium which governs all organizational life†. (Robert E. Morgan, Management decision, 1996). This quote signifies how marketing can exist and operate as a company†s whole business philosophy. An example of a company who has begun to implement the marketing philosophy throughout all functions with considerable success is Ford Motor Co. After falling sales revenue due to focusing on production and finance orientations, Ford decided to become a market-oriented organisation. â€Å"The market oriented firm is one which successfully applies the marketing concept. The term â€Å"market oriented† is preferred to â€Å"marketing oriented† as this highlights the organisational wide application†. (Sonny Nwanko, Journal of consumer marketing, Vol 12, Nov 1995). Fords Application of the Marketing philosophy Ford is zeroing in on the consumer and is currently in the first year of a five-year revitalisation plan to get back to basics and rebuild relationships with customers through the organization wide marketing philosophy. According to Fords General marketing manager Daryl Hazel â€Å"our aim is to transform Ford from a solid performer as an automotive manufacturer to a superior performer as a customer focused company†. Ford realise that their success in this proposed change: â€Å"Depends on the degree of implementation of the marketing concept throughout the company†. (Bernard, 1987) Ford is just one company who realise that the marketing must not be confined to the marketing department but must be organisational wide pervading all functions. Ford has used marketing for many years in the form of advertising and public relations. Now Ford are using the marketing discipline throughout the organisation they are achieving far better results. However, many companies struggle in implementing this concept due to a lack of understanding. â€Å"Much of the confusion over the years in defining marketing and understanding the marketing concept results from a failure to make these three distinctions between marketing as a culture, as a strategy and as a tactic† (Webster, 1992) This quote is referring to the error that many companies make that marketing is simply just advertising and selling rather than identifying the needs and wants of their customers and satisfying these desires through marketing information and strategies. Ford have attempted to combat such errors by hiring more marketing people who understand these concepts and are able to clearly outline the company†s marketing objectives in order for all staff to understand these objectives, and in turn create satisfied customers. In order to satisfy these customers Ford must truly understand the psychological and social factors, which determines the customers† action. â€Å"Market orientation is the organisation wide generation of market intelligence pertaining to current and future customer needs, dissemination of the intelligence across departments an organisation wide responsiveness to it†. (Kohli and Jaworski 1990) This highlights that in order to maximise the relationship with a customer through marketing, a strong intelligence system must be developed to understand the current expectancy level of the customers. To enable Ford to gain this information they conducted a market research survey of existing customers and discovered that after sales service was of paramount importance to their customers. Ford then devised and implemented a new customer service department, providing solutions and care to their customers. This came in the form of Ford Business Solutions allowing one point of contact for the customer without them being shunted around between departments looking for the appropriate member of staff to deal with their problem. This allowed relationships between the company and customer to flourish. By significantly differentiating themselves from their competitors Ford have created outstanding value for their customers and also in turn they will find it easier to quickly anticipate their customers forthcoming needs due to the better understanding of the customer. This clearly illustrates the marketing philosophy permeating through the company and adheres to the following definition. â€Å"Placing a major emphasis on the analysis of the target markets needs and wants, and delivering the desired satisfaction more efficiently and effectively than competitors†. (Kotler 1996). The next step in the marketing objectives outlined by Ford was to assign brand managers to each product line. The main reason for this was to enable them to clearly understand the target market that a particular product line was aimed at, and in turn improve effectiveness and develop this consumer orientation accordingly. â€Å"The necessity for firms to identify the basic customer needs and wants and define their product accordingly†(Levitt, 1960). This idea has been clearly illustrated in the tactics employed by the brand managers of Ford. The customers who buy different products require different features and benefits from them and the brand managers at Ford must try to understand this and differentiate their product from similar products offered by competitors. An example of this within Ford is what added extras now come as standard with the product due to the customers needs and expectations escalating. Air conditioning, air bags, power steering and A.B.S. are features, which would have been paid for as extras only a few years ago, are now however appearing on the standard model of most of the Ford cars. This indicates that the brand managers, manufacturing team and the product development staff are effectively utilizing the marketing concept. â€Å"We have had some very innovative ideas and campaigns as a result of having people focus on a particular market†. (Hazel, Marketing manager Ford). The production and design team were also educated in the marketing concept to ensure this newly adopted marketing philosophy reached all functions of the business. By introducing the production and design team to strategies such as market research they were able to understand the customer they were designing and building the product for. Through this research it was discovered that the customer no longer wanted the box shaped cars which the majority of car manufacturers were producing, but the consumers were beginning to desire a more aero dynamic look. Ford was able to react extremely quickly to this by releasing models such as the Ford KA and the Ford Focus. Older models such as the Ford Fiesta were rejuvenated and also giving a new aero dynamic shape. â€Å"This promotes a more pragmatic assessment of the market place – one which is likely to reveal the customer as being at the heart of the organisations strategy process – a partner of the organisation†. (Nwanko, 1995). â€Å"A truly high profile customer oriented organisation will, for example define its product in customer specific terms†. (Nwanko, 1995). Ford achieved this through the launch of a customer magazine. The Ford magazine plays a pivotal role in the development of customer loyalty and prospecting programme to cement and improve Fords position as the United Kingdoms number one car manufacturer. The marketing philosophy is the major focus within the magazine; this is highlighted in a study using 40 focus groups concentrating on the target audiences and to create a reader empathy with a major feature on â€Å"Why I love my Ford† a photojournalism essay rare in such customer magazines. This allows Ford to build strong relationships with the customers. Ford has also understood that measuring the satisfaction of the customers is a key element in the marketing philosophy. Therefore in addition to the thoughts on the product survey they have introduced a satisfaction and service experience survey. Studies are done as early as 90 days and as long as four years after the initial purchase. This definitely implies that Ford are beginning to successfully implement and understand the importance of this concept and how all departments have a part to play. Ford brand sales and service satisfaction continues to improve every month and so far in 2002, both measures are indicating an all time high. This would clearly indicate that there is a certain degree of success with the introduction of the marketing philosophy and highlights the importance of it being shared by all functions in customer terms. Internal and third party measures of satisfaction provided by Ford credit and Hertz are also tracked. The customer in the provider contract category in a 2001 consumer financing study rated Ford credit highest. Internal satisfaction studies showed 84 percent of customers who finance or lease with Ford credit were completely or very satisfied and 90 percent would recommend Ford credit to friends and family members. With the introduction of such ventures throughout the organisation it would appear Ford have a high degree of implementation of the marketing philosophy through all functions within the organisation. â€Å"The marketing philosophy focuses directly on three key issues of customer orientation, integrated effort and profit direction†. (McGee and Spiro, 1998) This quote highlights the three key aspects of the marketing philosophy and it would appear that Ford have adhered to this basic framework, although it is imperative that Ford do not rest on their laurels and must continue to develop this philosophy to maintain market share or achieve potential growth. The aim must be to move to the next level of connecting with customers, and how they can introduce the new products they are launching to them. One key tactic, which would allow Ford to do this would be to attempt through marketing communications to latch onto a few small differences between their own products and the products offered by competitors and advertise these differences heavily. Managers at Ford must also continue to be aware of the crucial role that market research can play in the company achieving this customer orientation. The role of market research in a customer orientation context is of extreme importance. It is imperative that Ford continue to constantly conduct market research in order to identify new and existing customers and their needs, help to set performance indicators, and in monitoring the companies† performance progress and finally to gain the information to help with the successful introduction of any changes. Such a process would ensure the continued development of the marketing philosophy through the organisation. If Ford can do this they will continue to be successful in the implementation of the marketing philosophy. â€Å"Research indicates that companies which focus on boosting loyalty among customers and staff will reap the long term benefits†. (Donkin, 1997) Ford must also understand that to achieve this the top level management must be focused on the marketing orientation. â€Å"The pursuit of customer driven goals requires, first and foremost, a customer oriented attitude on the part of the organisations top leaders and customer driven organisational systems†. (Felton, 1959) Therefore top management must be aware that to effectively implement this marketers should be leading cross functional teams to ensure this pan company marketing works as these marketers would ensure the following was properly managed: â€Å"Customer focused techniques such as total customer experience and customer relationship management and correctly measuring every part of the organisation was evaluated against what it has contributed to these factors†. (Simms, 2000). â€Å"Strategic customer orientation management presents a new opportunity for organisations and should be regarded as a positive and competitive marketing tool. A way forward is for managers to pay serious attention to the internal dynamics of the organisation: systems and structure, which were supportive of, and well attained to an overall culture of customer orientation† (Nwanko, 1995) Ford are a company who seem to have understood this idea and set up a structure which allows support for all functions of the organisation to optimise the results of the customer orientation and hopefully gain new customers through this and retain existing customers in order to expand the business. It is clear that Ford have had considerable success due to implementing the marketing philosophy throughout all internal functions of the organisation functions, however they must continue to develop this using the recommendations previously made. Constant monitoring of customers and their needs and wants in conjunction with analysing the actions of competitors is imperative for Ford to maintain or grow their market share .If Ford can do this they will have achieved their ambition of transforming from a solid performer as an automotive manufacturer to a superior performer as a customer focused company. How to cite Reevaluating Union Trade Responses, Essay examples

Romeo and Juliet Love Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet Love Essay The play Romeo And Juliet by William Shakespeare deals largely with the theme of love. Throughout the play, many different aspects of love are conveyed effectively. At the beginning of the play we are introduced to love being conveyed in the sense of infatuation which is evident in the character of Romeo. In act one scene one Romeo is wandering the streets of Verona aimlessly with many thoughts of Rosaline whom he believes he loves. Romeo speaks of Rosaline and proclaims his love with conventional love poetry: Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs Being purged, a fire sparkling in lovers eyes We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Love specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This suggests that he is only using thoughts from his mind and reciting someone elses feelings instead of proclaiming the way he feels about Rosaline by speaking from the heart. By using this poetry Romeo is showing signs of immaturity which is also evident in his actions as he hides away from the world around him by remaining in his room all day and refusing to see any family or friends. The characters we are first introduced to in the play Sampson and Gregory share a common likeness when considering love as they see it as means for sexual gratification. As they wander the streets of Verona they speak of taking the virginity from young women and use bawdy language to describe this thought: The heads of the maids, Or their maidenheads We are later introduced to Juliets Nurse who also has a mind for physical gratification when thinking or speaking of love. This becomes evident in act two scene four when the Nurse has left to find Romeo in order to arrange a time for the marriage. Benvolio and Mercutio meet the Nurse along the way and tease her with sexual innuendoes. Instead of leaving the nurse stays and attempts to react to the men in a refined manner without showing that she is enjoying the attention as this would have been frowned upon at the time. Mercutio is a joker and a prankster. He, like the Nurse, sees love as means for sexual gratification and constantly makes sexual innuendoes. He has never experienced passionate love to understand true passion. Love is also portrayed as being a business transaction. When Capulet and Paris meet to talk about Juliet, Paris requests that he have Juliets hand in marriage to which Capulet happily complies. Capulet wants his daughter to marry Paris due to his considerable wealth and so it is clear that he has a certain admiration for Paris. The main example of love in the play is expressed between Romeo and Juliet as they share a strong passionate love between them. When Romeo sees Juliet for the first time he immediately begins to speak from his heart to talk of Juliets beauty and we begin to notice immaturity fading: She doth teach the torches to burn bright A rich jewel in an Ethiops ear A snowy dove trooping with crows In these lines Romeo uses light and dark imagery to describe how he feels about Juliet and to contrast her beauty to the surroundings. Act two scene two sees Romeo in Capulets orchard with the hope of meeting Juliet. This is a very risky move for Romeo as he is at risk of being caught and therefore he risks his. When in the orchard, Romeo uses cosmic imagery to speak of Juliet. It is the east and Juliet Is the sun. Arise fair sun And kill the envious moon Here Romeo describes Juliet as an image of cosmic lightness, a great beacon that shuns all with her immense beauty. Although this is impetuous he is expressing his own true feelings for Juliet and not using conventional love poetry. The language he uses is very poetic and romantic which is also evident in Juliet. Juliet uses oxymorons when speaking of Romeo and she wishes that he were not of the Montague family: My only love sprung from my only hate Parental love is expressed when Lady Montague Romeos mother unexpectedly dies when her son is banished. This conveys a strong bonding love between parent and child as she dies from grief. Romeo and Juliets passion is heavily expressed in the final scene when Romeo discards all attributes of straight thinking to ignore his banishment from the city of Verona to return to his true loves deathbed. When Romeo kills himself and Juliet awakes, she is angry that Romeo has left any poison for her to commit suicide. Therefore she draws Romeos dagger and stabs herself. Although this is tragic, it also shows the couples unconditional love for each other and how they cannot live without each other. For them to commit suicide is a major extremity as in Elizabethan ages it was believed that if one committed suicide they were doomed to spend eternity in hell. Love is a main theme throughout the play, but through the love there is the underlying destruction at the climax of the play. The reader knows that the relationship is doomed from the beginning of the play as it states in the prologue that they are star- crossed lovers which suggests that although they share undying love, fate will eventually consume them from life.